Elastic element: This is the basic component of the suspension, which is mainly used to bear and transmit vertical loads and buffer the impact from the road surface. Common elastic elements include leaf springs, air springs, coil springs and torsion bar springs. They each have different characteristics. For example, leaf springs are widely used in freight vehicles because of their simple structure and reliable strength; while air springs have light weight and strong shock absorption performance, but the cost is relatively high.
Guide device: The guide device is used to maintain the movement law of the wheels relative to the vehicle body to ensure the stability and controllability of the vehicle during driving. It is divided into two types: non-independent suspension and independent suspension. The wheels on both sides of the non-independent suspension are connected by an integral axle, which has a simple structure but relatively poor shock resistance and passability; while the wheels on both sides of the independent suspension can move relative to each other without affecting each other, which can provide better driving stability and comfort.
Shock absorber: The shock absorber is installed in parallel with the elastic element to quickly attenuate the vibration of the frame and body. Common shock absorbers include hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic types. They use different working principles to reduce the bumpy feeling during vehicle driving and improve ride comfort.
In addition, some complex suspensions may also contain additional components such as buffer blocks and lateral stabilizer bars to further enhance the performance and stability of the suspension.
